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INDONESIA
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24075825     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.20890
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
The journal publishes writings on (1) historiography, (2) philosophy of history, (3) history of education, and (4) history educaiton. Historiography means the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. Historiography studies cover chronologically various themes, such as local history, social history, cultural history, economic history, political history, military history, intellectual history, environmental history, and other historical studies. Philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. History of education is a study of the past that focuses on educational issues. These include education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past. History education includes studies of how history teaches in school or society, curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue " Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA" : 10 Documents clear
THE 1740 RACIAL TRAGEDY AND LOSS OF BATAVIA SUGARCANE INDUSTRIES Wibowo, Priyanto
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2663

Abstract

The racial tragedy in  Batavia in  1740 generally has a great social and economic impact in Java.  Chinese people, some of whom were the sugar industry owners possessing the links from the raw materials to finished products were targeted in this terrible situation. They then ran away from this chaotic condition bringing their sugar industry skills and this fact led the sugar industries to spread out of Batavia around Java. Batavia, which was initially as the sugar industry basis, therefore,  was not surrounded by cane plantations; meanwhile, these types of plantations were spreading in the north coastline of Java and some parts of Central Java and East Java remote areas became sugar industry centers and the people of each area, therefore, were developing. Key words: Chinese Ethnic, Chaos,  Batavia, Sugar. Kerusuhan rasial yang terjadi di Batavia pada tahun 1740 memiliki dampak yang luar biasa bagi perkembangan sosio-ekonomi Jawa secara umum. Etnis Cina yang menjadi sasaran dalam peristiwa tersebut ternyata sebagian merupakan pemilik industri gula yang menguasai ja-ringan sejak hulu hingga hilir. Ketika kemudian mereka melarikan diri ke luar kota Batavia, mereka membawa keahlian mereka dalam industri gula dan dengan demikian industri gula menyebar ke seluruh Jawa. Batavia yang semula menjadi perintis industri gula tidak lagi dikelilingi oleh perkebunan-perkebunan tebu sementara daerah pantai utara Jawa dan sebagian peda-laman Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur berkembang menjadi pusat industri gula dengan perkembangan masyarakatnya masing-masing. Kata kunci: etnis Cina, Kerusuhan, Batavia, Gula.    
INDONESIA: FROM PLURALISM TO MULTICULTURALISM Wasino, Wasino
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2665

Abstract

Indonesia was not a new entity when started to become national country. It was called a continuation of the history of the Dutch East Indies. The people lived under western colonial was a pluralistic society, people separated by social class, ethnicity, religion, race and inter-group. Between the authorities and the people separated along racial lines. In addition there was the separation of ethnic groups associated with the economic, educational and social relations. After Indonesian independence the pluralistic society situation continues. The end of the New Order has opened a Pandoras Box of poor relations between ethnic and inter-religious. As a result many conflicts occurred based on religious and ethnic differences. The conflict heated up as the influx of political interests. The process of political reform gave birth to a new awareness of the relationship between ethnicity and religion. The starting point of this change was when the President Abdurrahman Wahid unlocked barriers on multicultural relationship that respects the differences of cultural orientation among the existing ethnic. From that moment the concept of multiculturalism experienced socialization process within Indonesian society. Key words: pluralism, multiculturalism, colonial, new order, socialization Ketika Indonesia lahir sebagai negara nasional, Indonesia bukanlah  entitas yang baru. Ia merupakan kelanjutan  sejarah dari masyarakat yang disebut Hindia Belanda. Masyarakat di bawah penjajah Barat ini merupakan masyarakat majemuk, masyarakat yang terpisah-pisah berdasarkan kelas sosial, suku, agama, ras, dan antar golongan. Antara penguasa dan rakyat terpisah secara garis rasial. Selain itu ada pe-misahan suku bangsa terkait dengan ekonomi, pendidikan, dan hubungan-hubungan sosial. Setelah Indonesia merdeka situasi masyarakat majemuk terus berlangsung. Berakhirnya Orde Baru telah membuka kotak pandora  buruknya hubungan antar etnik dan antar agama. Akibatnya banyak terjadi konflik-konflik yang berdasarkan perbedaan etnik dan agama. Hal itu semakin meruncing ketika kepentingan-kepentingan politik masuk. Proses reformasi  politik melahirkan kesadaran baru tentang hubungan antar etnik dan agama. Titik awal perubahan ini ketika  Presiden Abdurahman Wahid membuka sekat-sekat hubungan multikultural yang menghormati  perbedaan dalam orientasi budaya di kalangan etnik yang ada. Sejak itu konsep multikulturalisme mengalami proses sosialisi dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Pluralisme, Multikultural, Kolonial, Orde Baru, Sosialisasi.    
UNSUR-UNSUR KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT PESISIR CILACAP Dini Siswani Mulia, Sugeng Priyadi &
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2666

Abstract

Local wisdom explains the phenomenon of Watugunung Complex, Sangkuriang Complex, Jaka Sona Complex, and Kamandaka Complex. This phenomenon can be compared to the Oedipus complex phenomena in classical Greek civilization. The similarity phenomenon of Jaka Sona Complex and Oedipus complex is in killing the father. However, Jaka Sona did not marry his mother, even he did not have the desire to his mother while Sangkuriang also killed his father but he failed to marry his mother. Both Watugunung and Oedipus married their mother though Watugunung did not kill his father. Among the five phenomena, only Kamandaka complex is different because he did not kill his father and he did not marry his mother either.  He just wanted to marry a woman who looked like his mother’s face. The local wisdoms happened when healing the disease epidemic by using the three-color oil. Keywords: local wisdom, Oedipus Complex, classical Greek civilization, father’s killing, Tigawarna. Kearifan lokal menjelaskan adanya fenomena Watugunung Complex, Sangkuriang Complex, Jaka Sona Complex, dan Kamandaka Complex. Fenomena tersebut dapat dibandingkan dengan fenomena Oedipus Complex dalam peradaban Yunani klasik. Kesamaan fenomena Jaka Sona Complex dengan Oedipus Complex adalah pembunuhan ayah. Namun, Jaka Sona tidak menyunting ibunya, bahkan ia tidak memiliki hasrat. Sangkuriang juga membunuh ayahnya, tetapi gagal mengawini ibunya. Oedipus dan Watugunung sama-sama mengawini ibunya, tetapi Watugunung tidak membunuh ayahnya. Di antara kelima fenomena tersebut, hanya Kamandaka yang paling ringan karena ia tidak membunuh ayahnya dan tidak mengawini ibunya, melainkan ia mempunyai hasrat terhadap wanita yang mirip dengan wajah ibunya. Muncul kearifan dalam bentuk penyembuhan terhadap wabah penyakit dengan minyak tigawarna. Kata kunci: kearifan lokal, Oedipus Complex, peradaban Yunani klasik, pembunuhan ayah, dan Tigawarna.    
MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN PASAR TRADISIONAL BERBASIS EKONOMI KERAKYATAN DI KOTA SEMARANG Wijayati, Putri Agus
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2667

Abstract

This study aims to discover the empowerment model of traditional market as a place for small-scale entrepreneurs in the city of Semarang. In the first year of using historical research has produced a historical description that the traditional market in the colonial era was able to demonstrate its existence as a place of trade for market participants and was able to compete with the private market. The empowerment model is packaged in the form of labor market discipline, regularity in the market area, the space flexibility for the market visitor and availability of parking spaces for the towing animals. The description of traditional market currently dominated by slums, congested, muddy, narrow access for buyers and vendors stalls are disorganized was derived from field research. If the historical description is combined with the today market description, it will produce a prototype of an effective and strong traditional market so that traditional traders in the city of Semarang have empowerment. Stakeholder participants’ model is used as alternative models to empower all the traditional market potential. Keyword:  empowerment,  economic community-based, traditional market Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model pemberdayaan pasar tradisional sebagai tempat wirausaha skala kecil di Kota Semarang. Pada tahun pertama menggunakan historical research telah menghasilkan deskripsi historis bahwa pasar tradisional era kolonial mampu menunjukkan eksistensinya sebagai tempat perdagangan pelaku pasar dan mampu bersaing dengan pasar swasta. Model pemberdayaan dikemas dalam bentuk disiplin pegawai pasar, ketertiban di dalam lahan pasar, keleluasaan jalan bagi pengunjung pasar, dan ketersediaan lahan ”parkir” bagi hewan penarik. Melalui field research, diperoleh deskripsi pasar tradisional saat ini lebih didominasi kumuh, sesak, becek, akses pembeli sempit, dan lapak PKL tidak beraturan. Deskripsi historis dipadukan dengan deskripsi pasar dewasa ini dihasilkan prototype pasar tradisional yang efektif dan kuat agar pedagang pasar tradisional di Kota Semarang memiliki keberdayaan. Model partisipan stakeholder dijadikan alternatif guna memberdayakan semua potensi pasar tradisional. Keyword:  pemberdayaan, ekonomi kerakyatan, pasar tradisional.    
REFORMA PARADIGMA HUKUM DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH Martitah, Martitah
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2668

Abstract

This paper studies the development of the legal thought in Indonesia, which was influenced by the results of intellectual contemplation, which is irrespectively from the condition of time surround it, not only its ideology but also politicization towards symbolism of the common law, as the embryo of a national law. However, in the reality, the law in Indonesia is much influenced by colonial law as the written law. After the reformation period, massive range of steps has been taken to replace or reduce abandoned Dutch colonial law. This suggests that the orientation and characteristic of legal thought in Indonesia cannot be separated from social origin, as a base discovery of legal theories which have traditional values in Indonesia. In judicial practice, it has arisen various decisions that regard to the public’s justice sense which is not just based on the only written law. Keywords: Characteristics, Shifting Thought, Indonesian Legal History Artikel ini mendeskripsikan perkembangan pemikiran hukum di Indonesia. Pemikiran hukum Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh hasil perenungan intelektual, yang tidak terlepas dari situasi zaman yang melingkupinya, baik ideologisasi maupun politisasi yang mengarah pada simbolisme hukum adat, sebagai embrio hukum nasional. Namun dalam kenyataannya hukum di Indonesia banyak dipengaruhi oleh hukum kolonial yaitu hukum yang tertulis. Setelah reformasi, berbagai langkah massif dilakukan untuk menggantikan atau mereduksi hukum yang di-tinggalkan kolonial Belanda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa orientasi dan karakteristik pemikiran hukum di Indonesia tidak dapat dilepaskan dengan asal usul sosial masyarakat, sebagai basis ditemukannya teori-teori hukum yang memiliki nilai tradisi ke-Indonesiaan. Dalam praktik peradilan telah muncul berbagai putusan yang memperhatikan rasa keadilan masyarakat tidak sekedar berdasar pada hukum tertulis saja. Kata Kunci: Karakteristik, Pergeseran Pemikiran, Sejarah Hukum Indonesia    
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL SISWA SMA TERHADAP MITOS BUYUT CILI SEBAGAI TRADISI LISAN SEJARAH BLAMBANGAN Suprijono, Agus
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2671

Abstract

The research focused on a social construction or interpretation of the Buyut Cili Myth as a storytelling tradition Blambangan history. The research objectives identified socially constructed form of knowledge as well as the values of the Buyut Cili myth. The research method was classroom action research. The result of the research found that Buyut Cili myth was a conceptual instrument for students to understand the concept of historical continuity. The complexity of life was contained in reality which displayed by the Buyut Cili. It proved that social reality was plural or multi-dimension. The Myth of Buyut Cili is as a learning resource to achieve basic competence to describe the historical tradition in Indonesian society during the prehistory and history” consisted of historical, religious, cultural, social, and economic values, that needed for students’ character education.Keywords: social construction, buyut cili myth, oral tradition Fokus penelitian adalah konstruksi sosial atau pemaknaan terhadap mitos Buyut Cili sebagai tradisi lisan sejarah Blambangan. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi hasil konstruksi sosial berupa pengetahuan maupun nilai-nilai dari mitos Buyut Cili. Metode penelitian adalah classroom action research. Hasil penelitian adalah mitos Buyut Cili  merupakan instrumen konseptual bagi siswa memahami konsep kesinambungan sejarah. Kompleksitas kehidupan terkandung pada realitas yang ditampilkan oleh mitos Buyut Cili membuktikan bahwa realitas sosial atau kenyataan sosial bersifat jamak atau multidimensional. Mitos Buyut Cili sebagai sumber belajar untuk mencapai kompetensi dasar “mendeskripsikan tradisi sejarah dalam masyarakat Indonesia masa pra-aksara dan masa aksara” sarat nilai historis, agama, budaya, sosial, dan ekonomi yang urgen untuk pendidikan karakter siswa. Kata kunci: konstruksi sosial, mitos buyut cili, tradisi lisan   
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENDIDIKAN NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA DI SMP BERBASIS TRADISI SENI BATIK KLASIK SURAKARTA Sariyatun, Sariyatun
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2672

Abstract

The objective of the study is to develop the educational model of cultural values based on the classical batik’s Surakarta arts tradition in order to strengthen the nation characters and national identity. The research was done by using the research and development method. In collecting the data, the researcher conducted several ways, as follow: interview, library research, forum group discussion and classroom action research. The qualitative analysis was used for conducting the need analysis as the first step of research and development activity and the quantitative analysis and the quasi-experiment were done to get the validation model. The result of this study showed that cultural values taught in junior high school were same as the character building education as a whole. The implementation of each character buildings stood on its own of each subjects and could be inserted into the guidance and counseling subject and the civics subject. Moreover, it was, then, defined that the educational model of cultural values based on the classical batik’s Surakarta arts tradition was integrated to the social science subject as the model development of the character building. Keywords: model, education, cultural values, classical batik Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pendidikan nilai-nilai budaya  di SMP  berbasis Tradisi  Seni Batik  Klasik  Surakarta sebagai Upaya Penguatan Karakter Bangsa dan Identitas  Nasional. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut penelitian dilakukan dengan Research and Development. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, metode simak, FGD, observasi, dan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Pada tahap penelitian pendahuluan dan pengembangan model digunakan  analisis Kualitatif. Tahap validasi model digunakan eksperimen semu dan analisis Kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendidikan nilai di SMP implementasinya sama dengan pendidikan budi pekerti. Implementasi pendidikan budi pekerti pada masing-masing satuan pendidikan (SMP) belum ada kesamaan yakni berdiri sendiri sebagai mata pelajaran dan digabungkan dengan Bimbingan dan Konseling atau PKN. Untuk itu, di rumuskan Draf strategi dan model PNBBTBK (Pendidikan Nilai Budaya berbasis Tradisi Seni Batik Klasik) melalui Integrasi dalam pembelajaran IPS sebagai pengembangan model Pendidikan Budi Nilai Budaya. Kata Kunci: model, pendidikan, nilai budaya, batik klasik    
PERKEMBANGAN PESANTREN DAN MADRASAH DI INDONESIA DARI MASA KOLONIAL SAMPAI ORDE BARU Abdullah, Anzar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2673

Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the Islamic education in Indonesia seeing from the historical perspective, which is focusing on pesantren and madrasah (Islamic schools) from the colonialism era until new order era. Previously, Islamic education dealt with the spread of Islam (moslem) and the Islamized of Indonesian archipelago. It means that the Islamic education was, first, centralized on mosque, langgar or surau (smaller mosque). Next, it changes into other institutions from pesantren salafiyah into madrasah. The latest one has already adopted and applied the science curriculum and Islamic curriculum from the western classical system and school model, and also the best Islamic schools. All the changes in the Islamic schools bring many implications through the transmission of the Islamic thought which is based on the ilahiyah (tauhid) authority as the creator of human life. Keywords: madrasah, pesantren, Islamic education. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji tentang pendidikan Islam di Indonesia dalam perspektif sejarah, khususnya mengenai pesantren dan madrasah sejak masa Kolonial sampai Orde Baru. Pendidikan Islam pada awalnya berhubungan dengan penyebaran Islam dan Islamisasi Nusantara. Hal ini menyebabkan pendidikan Islam semula berpusat di masjid, langgar, surau yang kemudian berkembang menjadi lembaga pendidikan dalam bentuk pesantren dan madrasah. Pendididikan Islam telah mengalami perubahan dari bentuk pesantren salafiyah kepada bentuk madrasah yang mulai mengadopsi sistem klasikal dan model pendidikan sekolah ala Barat sampai kepada sekolah Islam unggulan. Sementara pendidikan Islam di madrasah yang mulai mengadopsi sistem pendidikan Barat dengan model klasikal dan menerapkan kurikulum pengetahuan umum, di samping kurikulum keislaman. Seluruh perubahan yang berlangsung pada sistem pendidikan Islam membawa berbagai implikasi terutama berkaitan dengan transmisi pemikiran keislaman yang bertumpu pada otoritas ilahiyah (tauhid) sebagai pengatur kehidupan manusia. Kata Kunci: Madrasah, pesantren, pendidikan islam, kolonialisme, orde lama, orde baru.    
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL INTERNALISASI NILAI KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH MELALUI MODEL VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE Suryani, Nunuk
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2674

Abstract

This research produce a product model of internalization of the character in learning history through Value Clarification Technique as a revitalization of the role of social studies in the formation of national character. In general, this research consist of three levels : (1) doing  pre-survey which identified the current condition of  the learning value of character in ​​in learning history (2) development of a model based on the findings of  pre-survey, the model used is the Dick and Carey Model, and (3) validating the models. Development models implemented with limited trials and extensive testing. The findings of this study lead to the conclusion that the VCT model is effective to internalize the character value in learning history. VCT models effective for increasing the role of learning history in the formation of student character. It can be concluded VCT models effective for improving the quality of processes and products of learning character values ​​in social studies SMP especially in Surakarta Keywords: Internalization, the value of character, Model VCT, learning history, learning social studies Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan suatu produk model internalisasi nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran IPS melalui Model Value Clarification Technique sebagai revitalisasi peran pembelajaran IPS dalam pembentukan karakter bangsa. Secara garis besar tahapan penelitian meliputi (1) prasurvai untuk mengidetifikasi kondisi pembelajaran nilai karakter pada pembelajaran  IPS Sejarah SMP yang sedang berjalan, (2) pengembangan model berdasarkan hasil prasurvai, model yang digunakan adalah model Dick and Carey, dan (3) vaidasi model. Pengembangan model dilaksanakan dengan ujicoba terbatas dan uji coba luas. Temuan penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa model VCT efektif  menginternalisasi nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran Sejarah. Model VCT efektif untuk meningkatkan peran pembelajaran Sejarah dalam pembentukan karakter siswa yang pada gilirannya dapat meningkatkan pembentukan karakter bangsa. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan model VCT efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses dan produk  pembelajaran nilai karakter pada mata pelajaran  IPS Sejarah SMP  khususnya di Solo Raya. Kata Kunci : Internalisasi, nilai karakter, Model VCT, pembelajaran Sejarah, IPS.    
TERRITORIAL REGULATION OF THE DUTCH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT IN NEDERLANDS NIEUW GUINEA 1898-1962 Sinaga, Rosmaida
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2678

Abstract

This study discussed about the regulation of the Dutch colonial administration for its expansion in Nederlands Nieuw Guinea (NNG) between 1898 and 1962.  The arrangement covered the expansion area, uniting and abolition of the government. This process began with the exploration activities, construction of infrastructure facilities and transportation/communication and recruitment of government officials. Construction of transportation and communication made local economy was increase. Government officials who stationed in the region must meet the specific requirements such as familiar with the area and experienced in their duties as well as having a high spirit of devotion. Territorial structuring was based on consideration of geographic/transportation access, culture, economic and political values of such area. Government policy on regional growth aims to shorten the span of colonial government control over territory and population of NNG and governments services that closer to the territory’s population.Key words: Territorial regulation, expansion, NNG  Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peraturan pemerintahan kolonial Belanda atas segala bentuk ekspansi di Nederlands Nieuw Guinea (NNG) pada tahun 1898 dan 1962. Peraturan ini meliputi perluasan wilayah, menyatukan dan penghapusan pemerintah. Proses ini dimulai dengan kegiatan eksplorasi, pembangunan fasilitas infrastruktur dan transportasi / komunikasi dan perekrutan pejabat pemerintah. Pembangunan transportasi dan komunikasi membuat perekonomian lokal meningkat. Pejabat pemerintah yang ditempatkan di wilayah tersebut harus memenuhi persyaratan tertentu seperti akrab dengan daerah dan berpengalaman dalam tugas-tugas mereka serta memiliki semangat  pengabdian tinggi. Penataan wilayah didasarkan pada pertimbangan geografis / akses transportasi, budaya, ekonomi dan nilai-nilai politik daerah tersebut. Kebijakan pemerintah mengenai pertumbuhan regional bertujuan untuk memperpendek rentang kendali pemerintah kolonial atas wilayah dan penduduk NNG dan jasa pemerintah yang lebih dekat dengan penduduk wilayah itu. Kata kunci: pearaturan teritorial, perluasan wilayah, NNG

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